10B21含硼冷镦钢轧后结疤成因分析及工艺改进

通过实验及热力学分析得出,轧制10B21钢结疤形成主要原因为钢中平均N含量为127×10^-6,导致铸坯角部冷却过程中在奥氏体晶界析出细小的BN和AlN夹杂,增加了铸坯的裂纹敏感性,形成铸坯裂纹。通过提高铁水比≥920 kg/t、转炉终点C-T-P(碳-温度-磷)命中率≥85%、出钢口圆流出钢以及LF加热次数≤3次,时间≤25 min等措施可将钢中的氮含量稳定控制在≤50×10^-6,有效避免10B21钢轧后盘条结疤,提高成材率,降低成本。     

基于MIKE FLOOD的城区溃坝洪水模拟研究

大坝安全不仅影响工程效益,还影响人民的生命和财产安全,溃坝洪水模拟可以对水库大坝的失事影响做出评估,对制定应急预案和防洪减灾具有重要意义。以深圳市龙华新区民治水库及下游片区为研究对象,基于MIKE FLOOD将MIKE11模型和MIKE21模型进行动态耦合,对溃坝洪水在下游的演进过程进行仿真模拟。模型采用瞬间溃(瞬间部分溃和瞬间全溃)以及逐渐溃两种溃决方式,分别模拟4种工况下的溃口流量过程线以及下游洪水演进过程。结果表明:瞬间溃的洪峰流量较大,出现在溃坝开始时刻,而逐渐溃的洪峰流量相对较小,出现在渗透破坏变形发展至上部坝体坍塌时刻,之后均随库区水位逐渐降低,下泄流量变小,直至库区水体排空。溃坝洪水对上游地区横岭村附近破坏较大,淹没水深较深。民治河中游段居民和商业区附近洪水流速接近5 m/s,对建筑物有一定破坏力,左侧向南村地势较低,淹没情况最为严重,并且在洪水消退后仍有3 m左右积水。民治河下游地区在洪水消退后也有少量积水。     

基于MIKE FLOOD的洪泽湖周边滞洪区洪水演进模拟研究

基于实测断面资料建立了研究区的一维水动力模型,基于高精度DEM以及1∶10000地形图建立了研究区的二维水动力模型,并用MIKE FLOOD将一维模型和二维模型进行耦合,构建了洪泽湖周边滞洪区一、二维耦合的洪水演进数学模型。利用2003年历史洪水资料对模型参数进行了率定,并以2007年历史洪水资料进行了验证。以洪泽湖百年一遇设计洪水为模型上边界,二河闸、三河闸以及高良涧闸的现行调度方案的水位-流量关系为模型下边界,对洪泽湖百年一遇设计洪水方案进行模拟计算,当蒋坝水位达到14.33m时,洪泽湖周边滞洪区开始滞洪,得到开始滞洪后不同时段研究区内各类洪水风险要素的动态分布情况以及最大淹没水深、淹没历时,验证了模型的合理性,可用于蓄滞洪区洪水演算分析。     

Flood Inundation Modelling for Mid‐Lower Brisbane Estuary

This study utilizes a two‐dimensional hydrodynamic model to calibrate and validate an inundation model for the Brisbane River estuary in Queensland, Australia. The bathymetry data used in the hydraulic model are derived from one arc second (1 s) shuttle radar topography mission digital elevation model, and the two‐dimensional hydraulic model is parameterized using the generated bathymetry with four open boundaries with water level observations and roughness coefficients. The calibration performance is evaluated by comparing the simulated results with the digitized records during the January 2013 flood event (a low magnitude event) at three gauging stations. The calibrated model is validated with water level data and available discharge data during the January 2011 flood (a large magnitude event) at four gauging stations located along the Brisbane River. Different performance indices are applied to demonstrate that the developed model performs well during calibration and validation. A sensitivity analysis is presented to assess the influence of riverbed elevation changes on the model because the main uncertainty of the model is the bathymetry data. The proposed model with the shuttle radar topography mission digital elevation model‐derived riverbed elevation for the Brisbane estuary is able to predict the flood inundation extent at an accuracy of 66.9% which is higher than or comparable with the accuracies of the existing studies. However, it is expected that the accuracy will increase if some improved bathymetry data become available in the future. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Agricultural use of three organic residues: effect on orange production and on properties of a soil of the ‘Comarca Costa de Huelva’ (SW Spain)

Disposal of urban, agricultural and industrial organic residues impliesan increasing problem because of all the economic and environmentalrepercussions involved. One of the most adequate ways of managing this problemis the agricultural use of these wastes as organic amendments. Three organicresidues (AC, olive mill waste water sludge compost; MWC, municipal solid wastecompost; and PS, paper mill sludge) were used in a 3-year field experimentinvolving orange production. The effect of their application on crop productionand on soil quality was investigated. Soil samples (0–20 cm depth)collected 11 months after the last soil amendment were analysed for: pH and EC,Kjeldahl-N, available-P, available-K, total organic carbon, humic substances,dehydrogenase, phosphatase, -glucosidase, urease andbenzoyl-argininamidehydrolysing protease (BAA-protease) activities. Generally, the application of the MWC and PSincreased orange yield when compared to control. Moreover, total organic carbonand humic substances significantly increased in soils treated with all theorganic amendments. Organic fertilisation increased the Kjeldahl-N andavailable-P contents of the soil. The application of the organic residues also causedsignificant increases in dehydrogenase, -glucosidase, urease andBAA-protease activities of the soil. Significant positive correlations (p <0.01) between these enzymatic activities and total organic carbon were foundforall treatments. Significant positive correlation between dehydrogenase, urease,-glucosidase, and BAA-protease and orange yield was also found. However,a clear inhibition of phosphatase activity was observed in soils treated withPS. The results indicate that the repeated application to the soil of moderateamounts of organic amendments has positive effects on the chemical andbiochemical properties of the soil, as well as on the orange yield.     

P(MMA-DBMEA)乳液聚合研究

甲基丙烯酸甲酯 ( MMA)在无皂乳化剂条件下 ,加入少量的功能性单体 N,N一二甲基 ,N-丁基 ,N-甲基丙烯酰氧乙基溴化铵 ( DBMEA) ,合成了稳定的 P( MMA-DBMEA)共聚物乳液 .该共聚物乳胶粒呈现单分散分布。同时用 NMR研究了共聚物 ,并对 P( MMA-DBMEA)聚合物13 C进行了全归属。     

MIKE21模型在南新联圩洪水模拟中的应用

为了分析江西省南新联圩防洪保护区在圩提溃决后洪水在区内的演进过程,根据南新联圩防洪保护区周围湖泊、河流及圩区情况,建立了模拟保护区内洪水演进的MIKE21模型。分别采用2010年和2012年实测洪水资料对模型进行率定和验证,结果表明模型具有较高的模拟精度。在赣江50 a一遇洪水叠加湖口22.5 m洪水位(1954年型)的工况下,利用所建立的模型对防洪保护区内的淹没水深、流速和洪水演进过程等进行计算分析,获得了南新联圩防洪保护区发生溃堤后的受灾发展情况。研究成果可为南新联圩防洪预警及时发布、转移财产、逃生避险等提供技术支撑。     

近海人工岛及沙坝工程与潮流的响应特征研究

北戴河新区位于最具发展潜力的环渤海经济圈中心地带,为满足旅游业发展需要而建的人工岛和保护旅游海滩而建的人工沙坝对近海潮流动力有不同程度的影响。该文基于MIKE21 FM模块通过大、中、小模型三层嵌套的方式建立洋河-葡萄岛近岸海域潮流数学模型,研究分析人工岛及沙坝工程建设前后的潮流动力变化特征,得到下列主要结论:工程建设后研究区域的主体潮流特征仍为顺岸往复流,流速变化量涨潮大于落潮;人工岛工程对流速场的影响范围和程度均明显大于沙坝工程,其中人工岛工程引起的流速变化量是沙坝工程的4倍;人工岛的建设使其内部形成一个相对封闭的水域,流速近乎为零,而养滩工程区在两侧水工建筑物和水下人工沙坝的掩护作用下流速基本减小至0.10 m/s以下。     

基于MIKE Flood的中小河流溃堤洪水演进数值模拟

针对水文资料缺乏的中小河流,以贵溪市罗塘河下游段为例,应用MIKE软件对河流溃堤洪水演进进行了研究。采用瞬时单位线法推求断面各频率的设计洪水,并将其作为洪水演进模型的输入;利用MIKE软件建立了贵溪市罗塘河下游段的一、二维耦合水动力模型,对该河下游段溃堤洪水演进过程进行了模拟;通过模拟分析,得到了溃口流量过程和堤防保护区洪水淹没过程。研究成果可为中小河流洪水风险分析和灾害损失评估提供技术支撑。     

水/有机溶剂两相体系微生物催化不对称还原制备(S)-4-氯-3-羟基丁酸乙酯

研究了水/有机溶剂两相体系中,出芽短梗霉SW0202细胞催化4-氯乙酰乙酸乙酯(COBE)不对称还原制备(S)-4-氯-3-羟基丁酸乙酯(CHBE)的过程.有机溶剂的选择表明邻苯二甲酸二丁酯为该反应最适有机溶剂,与单一水相体系相比,水/邻苯二甲酸二丁酯两相体系能明显改善反应效率.通过系统考察一些因素如相体积比、振摇速度、反应温度和pH等对反应速度、摩尔转化率和产物光学纯度的影响发现,这些因素对还原反应的初速度和摩尔转化率有较明显的影响,而对产物的光学纯度影响不明显.优化后的条件为:水与有机溶剂的相体积比1∶1,振摇速度180 r·min-1,温度30℃,pH 7.0.在该优化反应条件下,水/有机溶剂两相体系中出芽短梗霉SW0202细胞催化COBE生成(S)-CHBE不对称还原反应的最大摩尔转化率和产物的光学纯度分别达到了94.8%和97.9%e.e.,在用Na2CO3溶液控制水相pH 7.0条件下,有机相中的产物浓度积累达58.2 g·L-1.